![]() Eventually the Aztecs, after a period of serving as mercenaries, settled on an island in Lake Texcoco and established their capital of Tenochtitlan. Three city-states Azcapotzalco, Texcoco, and Culhuacan dominated the lakesides of the valley. Among these groups were the Aztecs, who probably migrated into the valley around 1325 following the fall of the Toltec empire. Various groups contested for supremacy in the valley. Thereafter the center of Mesoamerican power shifted to the region surrounding a group of lakes in the valley of Mexico. Nomadic invaders destroyed the Toltec capital of Tula around 1150. There is less agreement about the possibility of Toltec influence in the Mississippian culture of the Ohio River valley. Toltec influence may have extended as far north as the American Southwest, where some evidence of their trade network can be found. Some later Maya rulers were clearly under Toltec influence. The Toltecs migrated into central Mexico from the north and adopted a militaristic ethic from sedentary peoples already living in the area.įrom the establishment of their capital at Tula in 968, the Toltecs were able to establish a significant empire in central Mexico and the Yucatan. The most important of the Mesoamerican civilizations were those of the Toltecs and Aztecs. Postclassic Mesoamerica, 1000-1500 C.E.The greater American civilizations developed advanced agricultural systems, urbanization, social and economic diversity, and centralized political institutions. By 1500, the Americas were typified by a high population in many places. The information of medicine and health contained in the site are of a general nature and purpose which is purely informative and for this reason may not replace in any case, the council of a doctor or a qualified entity legally to the profession.Ĭhapter 17 The Americas on the Eve of InvasionĪlthough American societies remained completely isolated from other civilizations during the postclassical period, they continued to display diversity and sophistication based on classical American foundations. THE AMERICAS ON THE EVE OF INVASION COURSENOTES FOR FREEThe following texts are the property of their respective authors and we thank them for giving us the opportunity to share for free to students, teachers and users of the Web their texts will used only for illustrative educational and scientific purposes only.Īll the information in our site are given for nonprofit educational purposes Holy shrines/Huacas- mountains, caves, rivers etc.The Americas on the Eve of Invasion summary.Incorrect: Tupac Shakur Correct- TopacYupanqui Huayna Capac (1493-1527)- territory stretched from Colombia to Chile.TopacYupanqui- Pachacuti’s successor greatly expanded territory.Started conquest under Pachacuti (1438-1471).3000 miles in extent in the Andean highlands.Highly centralized rule with a deified ruler.Spent up to 6 hours grinding corn by hand.Women could inherit property- still subordinate to men.Raised children, helped in fields & cared for household.Growth resulted in loss of egalitarianism.Scribes, artisans, healers and nobility.Organized in regiments with different uniforms.Leadership based on capturing sacrifices.City wards ruled by Calpulli (kin groups).Built on island in middle of Lake Texcoco.Sacrificed blood and human hearts to feed sun god.Deities for Fire, Rain, Water, Corn, Sky, Sun etc.Incorporated aspects from other cultures.Conquered people were sacrificed to the gods.Paid tributes, surrendered land and gave military service.Believed Eagle with snake on cactus was a sign.Very rapidly (originally around 10,000).Came to power after the fall of the Toltecs.Followed Quetzalcoatl (feathered serpent).City in central Mexico/ part of American classical period.Nomads took advantage of the fall of Teotihuacan. ![]()
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